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Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot
The ''Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot'' is a satire in poetic form written by Alexander Pope and addressed to his friend John Arbuthnot, a physician. It was first published in 1735 and composed in 1734, when Pope learned that Arbuthnot was dying. Pope described it as a memorial of their friendship.〔Pat Rogers, ''The Alexander Pope Encyclopedia'' (Greenwood Press, 2004), p. 110.〕 It has been called〔Rogers, ''The Alexander Pope Encyclopedia'', p. 110.〕 Pope's "most directly autobiographical work," in which he defends his practice in the genre of satire and attacks those who had been his opponents and rivals throughout his career.〔Rogers, ''The Alexander Pope Encyclopedia'', p. 110.〕
Both in composition and in publication, the poem had a checkered history. In its canonical form, it is composed of 419 lines of heroic couplets.〔Rogers, ''The Alexander Pope Encyclopedia'', p. 110.〕 The ''Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot'' is notable as the source of the phrase "damn with faint praise," used so often it has become a cliché or idiom. Another of its notable lines is "Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?"
==Addressee==
John Arbuthnot was a physician known as a man of wit. He was a member of the Martinus Scriblerus Club, along with Pope, Jonathan Swift and John Gay. He was formerly the physician of Queen Anne.〔The Norton Anthology of English Literature, volume 1.〕 On 17 July 1734 Arbuthnot wrote to Pope to tell him that he had a terminal illness. In a response dated 2 August, Pope indicates that he planned to write more satire, and on 25 August told Arbuthnot that he was going to address one of his epistles to him, later characterizing it as a memorial to their friendship. Arbuthnot died on 27 February 1735, eight weeks after the poem was published.〔Rogers, ''The Alexander Pope Encyclopedia'', p. 110; Baines, ''The Complete Critical Guide to Alexander Pope'' (Routledge, 2000), p. 37.〕
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